Biography
Sean Corey Carter, professionally famous as Jay-Z, was born and brought up in Brooklyn, New York. His father left the family when Sean was just a kid, and they were constantly short of money. So the boy soon became independent and learned how to take care of himself. He started rapping being a teenager, and in the neighborhood, people called him Jazzy, or Jay-Z. Once, when Jay-Z was wondering around the streets, he accidentally ran across a rapper with small fame called Big Jaz, or Jay-O. The colleague told to the fresher some of his experience about show business and advised what to do in order to become prominent in rap circles. Jay-Z was the member of the hip-hop command Original Flavor for a short time, but then instead of signing to a major recording company, he decided to start his own label Roc-a-Fella Records. Having found a reputable distributor Priority Records (which later would become Def Jam, headed by Jay-Z himself), the artist recorded his debut album Reasonable Doubt in 1996. Such guest celebrities as Mary J. Blige and Notorious B.I.G. along with the theme of gangster life made the whole New York talk about Jay-Z.
Download reasonable doubt zip album files found Uploaded on TraDownload and all major free file sharing websites like 4shared.com, uploaded.to, mediafire.com and many others. After clicking desired file title click download now button or copy download link to browser and wait certain amount of time (usually up to 30 seconds) for download to begin. Download reasonable doubt zip album files found Uploaded on TraDownload and all major free file sharing websites like 4shared.com, uploaded.to, mediafire.com and many others. After clicking desired file title click download now button or copy download link to browser and wait certain amount of time (usually up to 30 seconds) for download to begin. In 1997, the autobiographic disc In My Lifetime, Vol. 1, fortified the success of the Reasonable Doubt. Besides the hardcore tracks, the work featured pop rap - such things, as Sunshine and The City Is Mine showed that Jay-Z is not serious and brutal all the time and exposed him to a wider auditory. Listen to free mixtapes and download free mixtapes, hip hop music, videos, underground.
In 1997, the autobiographic disc In My Lifetime, Vol. 1, fortified the success of the Reasonable Doubt. Besides the hardcore tracks, the work featured pop rap - such things, as Sunshine and The City Is Mine showed that Jay-Z is not serious and brutal all the time and exposed him to a wider auditory. Next year the album Vol. 2: Hard Knock Life saw light and brought the first Grammy award to the rapper. Bluetail 2 0. Being faithful to the one-year-one-record tradition, Jay-Z issued Vol. 3: Life And Times Of S. Carter in 1999. Dr. Dre and Timbaland produced this epic thing, full of sincere stories from Jay-Z's hard times, while singles Big Pimpin and Do It Again (Put Ya Hands Up) became big hits. In 2000, the rapper had one more ace in the pocket - the full-length Dynasty Roc La Familia, which was much contributed by his protégés. The highly lyrical and passionate composition I Just Wanna Love U (Give It 2 Me) became the loudest success from the work. The sixth masterpiece titled The Blueprint affirmed Jay-Z's top position in rap in 2001. Around the same time, the scandalous rivalry between the rapper and his colleague Nas began - for the whole year both of them devoted angry and witty rap odes to each other, which greatly contributed to the popularity of both Jay-Z and Nas.
It could be that rivalry that greatly inspired Jay-Z - he secluded himself in the studio, where he wrote about 40 songs, 25 of which featured the double disc The Blueprint: The Gift & The Curse, which saw light in 2002. The cover for 2Pac's song 03 Bonnie & Clyde, featuring Beyonce, became the lead hit from the album. By that moment, it was clear that the two artists had a romance. In 2003, after the release of The Black Album, the performer announced his departure from rapping. The same year he had a farewell tour with rapper R. Kelly, which finished in pretty sum lawsuits to each other from both. In 2004, the retired artist became the Def Jam Records president. The company endured a crisis by that moment, but Jay-Z managed the situation. In 2005, he made a concert titled I Declare A War, during which made public his come back in rap. In 2006, the rapper made a forceful re-ignition with the long anticipated by fans album Kingdom Come. Next year he made the listeners amused with the album American Gangster, which was written under the impression from the eponymous film and contained Jay-Z's speculations on the theme of streets life.
In 2009, Jay-Z was ready with his brand new record The Blueprint, Vol. 3. Despite extended speculations on the artist’s creative recession, he proved that he was still able to make fascinating music.
Studio Albums
The Blueprint 3
The Blueprint, Vol.3 has resulted to be impressively innovative, futuristic and confident as the absolute majority of one of the main contemporary hip-hop industry representatives Jay-Z's works
American Gangster
American Gangster is a conceptual album dedicated to the life of gangsters, their personal struggles and feelings. Jay-Z's rap remains at the top, and the production team includes P Diddy, Jermaine Dupri, The Neptunes and many others
Kingdom Come
Kingdom Come, which has already become Jay-Z's best selling work within a week and the ninth album to reach number 1 in the world charts, has a lot of surprises and especially interesting is the collaboration with Coldplay's vocalist Chris Martin
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Reasonable Doubt Zip File
Singles
1
Compilation albums
3
Lives
1
Soundtracks
1
Reasonable Doubt
A standard of proof that must be surpassed to convict an accused in a criminal proceeding.
Reasonable doubt is a standard of proof used in criminal trials. When a criminal defendant is prosecuted, the prosecutor must prove the defendant's guilt Beyond a Reasonable Doubt. If the jury—or the judge in a bench trial—has a reasonable doubt as to the defendant's guilt, the jury or judge should pronounce the defendant not guilty. Conversely, if the jurors or judge have no doubt as to the defendant's guilt, or if their only doubts are unreasonable doubts, then the prosecutor has proven the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and the defendant should be pronounced guilty.
Reasonable doubt is the highest standard of proof used in court. In civil litigation the standard of proof is either proof by a preponderance of the evidence or proof by clear and convincing evidence. These are lower burdens of proof. A preponderance of the evidence simply means that one side has more evidence in its favor than the other, even by the smallest degree. Clear and convincing evidence is evidence that establishes a high probability that the fact sought to be proved is true. The main reason that the high proof standard of reasonable doubt is used in criminal trials is that criminal trials can result in the deprivation of a defendant's liberty or in the defendant's death, outcomes far more severe than occur in civil trials where money damages are the common remedy.
Twixtor pro 6 1 1 download free. Reasonable doubt is required in criminal proceedings under the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In in re winship, 397 U.S. 358, 90 S. Ct. 1068, 25 L. Ed. 2d 368 (1970), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the highest standard of proof is grounded on 'a fundamental value determination of our society that it is far worse to convict an innocent man than to let a guilty man go free.'
The reasonable doubt standard is not used in every stage of a criminal prosecution. The prosecution and defense need not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that every piece of evidence offered into trial is authentic and relevant. If a prosecutor or defendant objects to a piece of evidence, the objecting party must come forward with evidence showing that the disputed evidence should be excluded from trial. Then the trial judge decides to admit or exclude it based on a preponderance of the evidence presented. A similar procedure employing a preponderance standard is used when a party challenges a variety of evidence, such as coerced confessions, illegally seized evidence, and statements extracted without the furnishing of the so-called Miranda warning.
The reasonable doubt standard is inapplicable to still other phases of a criminal prosecution. Lower standards of proof are permissible in Parole revocation proceedings, proceedings to revoke Probation, and prison inmate disciplinary proceedings.
Further readings
Boyce, Ronald N., and Rollin M. Perkins. 1999. Criminal Law and Procedure. New York: Foundation Press.
Devitt, Edward James, and Charles B. Blackmar. 1977. Federal Jury Practice and Instructions. 3d ed. Vol. 1.
Reasonable Doubt Itunes Zip
Cross-references
Reasonable Doubt Zip Jay Z
Reasonable Doubt Zip Zippyshare
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt; Clear and Convincing Proof; Criminal Law; Criminal Procedure; Due Process of Law; Preponderance of Evidence.